The Tuk-Tuk in Madagascar: attraction or nuisance?
The tuk-tuk, an unofficial national symbol of Thailand, is gaining popularity in Madagascar. Its vibrant colors and practicality make it an uncommon mode of transport, offering travelers a novel and entertaining experience. However, these advantages are accompanied by certain drawbacks, including pollution and driver training issues.
What is a Tuk-Tuk?
If you’ve never traveled to Thailand or other Southeast Asian countries, it’s understandable if you don’t know what a tuk-tuk is. This term refers to the Thai version of a motorized rickshaw. The name comes from the word tuk, meaning "cheap," often repeated by drivers throughout the day.
Typically, this three-wheeled vehicle can carry up to three average-sized passengers plus the driver. In Madagascar, passengers often squeeze together to fit four or even five people. The front seat is reserved for the driver, while a bench at the back accommodates travelers. Occasionally, a passenger might even sit on the driver’s seat!
Modern tuk-tuk models may feature two rear benches and even a trunk. The sides are open, and the roof is enclosed with fabric or integrated into the vehicle’s frame, protecting travelers from sunlight and rain.
Where do these motorized tricycles come from?
Most tuk-tuks, typically yellow, originate from Thailand or Cambodia. They are also found in India, where they are known locally as auto or autorickshaw, and in Indonesia, where they are called bajaj. Some models, such as those by Piaggio, can even be spotted in Paris.
In Madagascar, they are simply called tuk-tuk, pronounced as written, without the Thai pronunciation touk touk. The Indonesian influence has also introduced the term bajajy as a common name for the tuk-tuk in local parlance.
Used as taxis powered either by electricity or gasoline, these three-wheeled vehicles have increasingly filled the streets of Madagascar’s larger cities over the past few years, including Diego-Suarez, Majunga, Tulear, Antsirabe, Ambositra, Fort-Dauphin, Tamatave, and the islands of Sainte-Marie and Nosy Be.
They are also used as collective transport, carrying up to seven people, including the driver, for fares ranging from 500 to 2,000 Ariary per person per trip. While a necessity for locals, the tuk-tuk has become a genuine tourist attraction. It’s a highly favored mode of transport thanks to its affordability and speed, easily navigating through traffic jams. Tuk-tuks are especially easy to find near tourist areas and markets.
The advantages of the Tuk-Tuk
Many tourists travel to Madagascar specifically to see and ride in this unique mode of transport. The tuk-tuk offers numerous benefits in terms of ecology and maintenance.
A fun and unique travel experience
The tuk-tuk provides a new and entertaining way to navigate the often bumpy, noisy, and congested streets. Riding in one allows travelers to get up close to the hustle and bustle of local life. Often decorated by the driver with personal flair, these tricycles offer excellent photo opportunities during the ride. They provide a sense of adventure without significant risk.
In most situations, traveling by tuk-tuk is faster than using a taxi or private car. Like motorcycles, they can easily maneuver on secondary roads.
Low energy consumption
This advantage is particularly true for electric tuk-tuks, which run on electricity—a more affordable energy source than gasoline. Economically, the tuk-tuk offers real savings. A 10-hour charge provides up to 14 hours of use, depending on factors such as load and speed. Drivers typically recharge their vehicles from 8 PM using a special power system, ensuring they are ready by 6 AM the next day.
Minimal maintenance requirements
Tuk-tuks require little upkeep. Regular oil changes, spark plug checks, and maintenance are unnecessary. Only routine greasing is needed. In case of breakdowns, replacement parts are readily available.
Gasoline models, however, are limited to carrying three passengers, and infractions are sometimes reported. In Tamatave, for instance, police strictly enforce passenger limits. Electric models surpass their gasoline counterparts by accommodating up to six passengers, and their fares are often halved, costing between 500 and 1,000 Ariary.
The disadvantages of the Tuk-Tuk
Despite its advantages, the tuk-tuk has notable drawbacks, including low engine power, untrained drivers, and environmental impact.
Lack of driver training
Drivers often lack formal training before becoming tuk-tuk operators. At minimum, a week of instruction would be beneficial to help them master the vehicle’s operation, speed control, and battery management (for electric models). Similarly, mechanics and electricians could benefit from training by manufacturers to familiarize themselves with the tuk-tuk.
Environmental impact
End-of-life battery disposal remains a significant issue. It’s worth noting that these batteries are lithium-ion-based. Gasoline-powered models are major CO2 emitters, with visible black smoke from exhaust pipes. Unfortunately, tuk-tuks are known for polluting the air more than cars and motorcycles.
Additionally, tuk-tuks are not water-friendly. Stagnant water (as opposed to rainwater) poses a significant challenge. These vehicles struggle in flooded areas and require a full day to dry out after exposure.
Passenger safety risks
Compared to other modes of transport, tuk-tuks often fail to meet basic safety standards. Passengers sit on minimalist benches without seat belts, and there are no windows to shield them or the driver from heat and wind. Drivers must prioritize speed control to reduce accidents.
© Détours Madagascar - 13 Mai 2020