Tsingy of Bemaraha National Park

Located about 600 km from Antananarivo in the central-western part of Madagascar, the Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park is home to one of the most remarkable and spectacular geological formations in the world. Spanning 157,710 hectares, it is one of Madagascar's largest protected areas.

History

The park was established on August 1, 1997, and the Tsingy de Bemaraha, offering one of the planet’s most astonishing geological curiosities, was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990.

The Tsingy

The Tsingy are iconic rock formations unique to Madagascar. They consist of limestone deposits, shells, and fossils, formed over 200 million years ago. These karstic limestone formations have been shaped by water erosion into sharp ridges and pinnacles. 

These rock formations, which emerged hundreds of millions of years ago, are a testament to the dramatic transformations of the Earth's crust. Some rise more than 100 meters high, creating spectacular lunar-like landscapes. In Malagasy, “Tsingy” translates to "walking on tiptoes" and can also mean "proceeding with caution," reflecting the challenge of exploring these fantastical rocky spires.

Visiting the Park

Situated in the Melaky region, Tsingy de Bemaraha National Park boasts an incredible biodiversity found nowhere else on Earth. Its dense network of faults, crevices, and limestone blocks sculpted into razor-sharp formations offers one of Madagascar’s most breathtaking landscapes. Exploration can be done by canoe and on foot, navigating through canyons and stone labyrinths.

Discovering the Tsingy

Recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1990, the Tsingy are divided into two zones: the Small Tsingy and the Great Tsingy. These names reflect the height of the pinnacles, which range from 30 to 60 meters.

- Small Tsingy: Located in the village of Bekopaka, these formations serve as an introduction to the larger formations. The excursion involves walking about 20 meters above the ground through narrow corridors that pass through a humid forest before reaching natural caves. These sanctuaries are home to 53 bird species and six rare species of lemurs. 

- Great Tsingy: Comprising towering rocky spurs and vertiginous peaks, this area is built upon a massive underground cathedral of karstic minerals. Visitors can delve into an impressive network of diaclases and enjoy lush green landscapes. The Great Tsingy spans over 72,000 hectares. According to legends, these caves once sheltered the Vazimba, the island's first inhabitants, who sought refuge here to connect with their gods.

A scenic canoe ride on the Manambolo river

A delightful canoe ride along the Manambolo River immerses visitors in the unique reliefs of the Tsingy de Bemaraha. The river, flanked by slopes and sandbanks, cuts through magnificent gorges. Originating in Tsiroanomandidy, the river flows through the village of Bekopaka and the national park before emptying into the Mozambique Channel. The numerous caves along the river have historically provided refuge for nearby communities. Some caves are still used for Sakalava ceremonies and burials.

Unique fauna and flora

The Tsingy de Bemaraha is a remarkable center of endemism, showcasing an extraordinary diversity of animal and plant species. Its range of ecosystems spans from humid habitats to arid zones. 

The park is home to numerous lemur species, including the sifaka, the ring-tailed lemur (gidro), and the elusive Aye-Aye. Birdwatchers can spot a variety of aquatic and terrestrial birds, including the Madagascar fish eagle, olive rails, Bernier’s teal, and the majestic Madagascar pygmy kingfisher. 

Reptiles thrive here as well, having adapted to the rocky galleries. Visitors may encounter crocodiles basking along the Manambolo and Sahaony rivers. 

The park's flora features nearly 650 plant species, most of which are endemic and adapted to arid conditions. From dwarf trees to towering giants that store water, the vegetation has evolved to survive in this dry, rugged environment, captivating botanists worldwide.

Climate

The park has a tropical dry climate with two distinct seasons: 

- A hot, rainy season from November to April 

- A dry season from May to October 

The best time to visit is between June and November. During the rainy season, most trails become slippery and muddy, making exploration difficult.