Fianarantsoa

Commonly known as "Fianara," Fianarantsoa is considered the twin city of Antananarivo. Located in the Haute Matsiatra region, this hill-protected city remains part of the Highlands. As the capital of the homonymous province, Fianarantsoa is more than just a stopover on the way to southern Madagascar; it is a historic city with a laid-back atmosphere. The city is renowned for its wine and tea.

History

Fianarantsoa was built in the 19th century, over 1,000 meters above sea level, on an old village called Ivoenava, by Queen Ranavalona I. The queen intended to make it the capital of the southern part of the Great Island. The city inherited architecture similar to Antananarivo, with its narrow streets, stone stairways, and marketplace. Ranavalona I also created an artificial lake here, similar to Lake Anosy in Antananarivo. Her husband, Radama I, used the area as a base camp during his military campaigns. 

During the colonial era, the Fianarantsoa-Manakara railway line was built to promote the region's economic development. This railway helped the Betsileo region become a major producer of rice, wine, and tea in Madagascar. 

According to tradition, only people of high status were allowed to live near the palace of Governor Rafaralahindranaly. Locals with more modest means were required to live at the foot of the hill, signifying their submission and obedience to the monarchy. 

Fianarantsoa today

The city's name, "Fianarantsoa," literally translates to "the place where one learns goodness" or "the one who imitates well," as it was founded in the image of Antananarivo. The city is divided into three levels: the upper town, the middle town, and the lower town.

-The lower town

The best way to experience the charm of Fianarantsoa is to begin your visit in the lower town, or "Tanàna Ambany," located in the northern part of the city. This bustling area features many shops and brightly colored businesses. The gemstone market, located at the former train station, showcases sapphires, emeralds, rubies, and amethysts.

-The middle town

This area is more modern, housing the city's administrative buildings, including banks and the Town Hall. It retains significant colonial influence. 

The Anatirova neighborhood, home to the Rova Betsileo, is particularly popular with visitors. Ambozontany is another attraction, featuring a cathedral built in 1871. 

Tsianolondroa derives its name from Queen Ranavalona II's proclamation asserting her authority as the sole mistress of the area. A palace was built here in 1973 to commemorate the oath of allegiance of the Betsileo king. It was also the site where she decreed the 118-article code. 

-The upper town (Antanambony)

Also known as Antanambony, the upper town was developed on Ivoenana, southwest of Fianarantsoa. It offers a stunning view of the rest of the city. A wooden Rova stands proudly here, surrounded by officer houses to the south of the palace and a public square to the west. Kianjasoa Hill obscures the view of Imerina to prevent soldiers from feeling homesick. Bamboo huts within a secondary enclosure, protected by cannons, served as residences for soldiers and dignitaries.

The upper town exudes a more peaceful atmosphere compared to other parts of Fianarantsoa. It is recommended to explore this area on foot to fully appreciate its historical remnants. You’ll be enchanted by its beautiful streets lined with traditional houses adorned with climbing plants. Discover the "Vatican of Fianarantsoa," an impressive Tuscan-style cathedral.

Climate

Fianarantsoa enjoys a warm temperate climate, with more rainfall in summer than in winter. The average annual precipitation is 1,240 mm, and the average temperature is 18.7 °C. June is the driest and coldest month, with only 18 mm of rainfall. January, the warmest month, sees temperatures reaching 21.4 °C. The best months to visit are April, May, June, September, October, and November.

What to do and see in Fianarantsoa?

• Climb to the viewpoint :

Enjoy a panoramic view of Fianarantsoa, where you can see the city's three levels.

• Visit the Le Relais workshop:

Le Relais Madagascar is a mechanical and automotive manufacturing plant for the Malagasy KARENJY brand.

• Take the train to Manakara:

On Tuesdays and Saturdays, you can explore part of the country by taking the train to Manakara. Once there, visit the Antehimoro paper workshops or enjoy the landscape by canoe.

• Explore Fianarantsoa and its surroundings:

Enhance your stay by visiting artisan workshops on the city’s outskirts. Admire their work with plant fibers and bamboo, silk weaving, and Antemoro paper production. Don’t miss the workshop of photographer Pierrot Men. 

• Visit Sahambavy:

Located 23 km from the city, Sahambavy is home to Fianarantsoa’s largest tea production area. The plantations, managed by a British company, cover nearly 400 hectares and can be accessed from the village of Sambaina.

• Explore Clos de Malaza Vineyard:

This vineyard, 30 km from Fianarantsoa, is accessible via a picturesque trail through Betsileo villages. Learn about Malagasy wine production and enjoy a tasting.

• Visit Ambatomainty:

This nearby village is known for its beautiful pottery, crafted and fired in open-air kilns. 

Getting around in Fianarantsoa

The best way to fully appreciate the city's charm is to explore it on foot.